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Re-evaluation Counseling or RC is an organization directed by Re-evaluation Counseling Community Resources, Inc., that practices "co-counseling", a peer-based counseling procedure centered on helping people and of bringing about social reform. It was founded in the United States by Harvey Jackins in the 1950s and was led by him until his death in 1999. It is now led by his son Tim Jackins. RC teaches co-counseling and holds workshops throughout the world. It is based in Seattle, Washington, USA. ==History== In the early 1950s, Jackins became acquainted with L. Ron Hubbard's theory of Dianetics. In 1952 Jackins formed Personal Counselors Inc. to "engage in, conduct and teach the art and science of Dianetics."〔Copy of the actual articles of incorporation filed by Harvey Jackins http://imgur.com/KGpfgdn〕 While practicing Dianetics, he developed the concepts of "re-evaluation"〔 and "discharge" and came to believe that they could be encouraged by the "exchange of aware attention" in the "co-counseling process".〔Jackins, Harvey, ''The human side of human beings'', Seattle: Rational Island Publishers, 1965 ISBN 0-911214-60-7〕 At this time, Jackins used some of the terminology of Dianetics, such as "clearing up patterns", "rationality", "present time" and "passing distress by contagion".〔(Rich's Home Page - ''Comparison of Re-evaluation Counseling Terms and concepts with Dianetics'' )〕 Psychiatrist Richard M. Childs claimed that Jackins' book ''The Human Side of Human Beings'' (1965) plagiarized Hubbard's ''Dianetics'' (1950), saying that Jackins "paraphrased Hubbard's terms by recasting them in his own jargon. Hubbard's 'Engrams' became Jackins' 'distress patterns', 'release' became 'discharge', and 'to become clear' became RC's 'to re-emerge'."〔(Richard M. Childs, ''A Psychiatrist's Story of His Brief Involvement with Re-Evaluation Counseling )''〕 In 1957, Hubbard's Scientology organisation claimed that Jackins was describing himself as a "Dianetics Auditor".〔(Letter from Richard F. Steves to the FBI dated 8 October 1957 )〕 Harvey Jackins' own story of the origins of Re-evaluation Counseling leaves out any mention of Dianetics. As he told it, he began to develop Re-evaluation Co-Counseling after observing a troubled friend make changes in his thinking process through being patiently listened to while he cried.〔(New, Caroline and Kauffman, Katie, ''Co-Counselling: The Theory and Practice of Re-Evaluation Counselling'', 2004, Brunner-Routledge ) ISBN 1-58391-210-X〕〔(Medicine Story, "To Be Human Again - Camps for Peace and Love", ''Talking Stick'', Winter/Spring 2003 )〕 Curious about the effect of this crying, he worked with others to develop a method of reciprocal counseling based on the recollection of psychological and physical traumas or "hurts" accompanied by various types of emotional catharsis. He called these effects "discharge" (as in when a battery discharges excess energy), which he came to believe led to clear thinking or "re-evaluation". He held that rational thinking was prevented by the accumulation of past hurts, which could be removed by repeated discharge through co-counseling. The objective of RC became the dissemination of this method of creating rational thinking, a process called "re-emergence". Re-evaluation counseling, it is held, can remove "oppression", which it considers to lie at the root of most of the problems in the world. During the late 1950s and early 1960s, Jackins systematized his views and in the 1960s and 1970s took RC from Seattle, where he first practised it, to the rest of the US and to Europe. From 1975 to 1990, he appointed local teachers, area representatives, regional leaders and representatives of groups such as blacks and gays. He wrote RC's Guidelines and decided on all major issues. His policies were ratified by a biennial conference. Tourish and Iriving compared his system of management to the Communist state model of democratic centralism.〔Dennis Tourish and Pauline Irving, "Group influence and the psychology of cultism within re-evaluation counselling: A critique of Co-Counselling",''Psychology Quarterly'', Volume 8, Issue 1, 1995, pp.35-50〕 Jackins supervised the involvement of RC members in external organisations. Jackins is said to have claimed that several governments were influenced by RC〔(Europe Resigns )〕 and to have thought that eventually religion will be replaced by Re-evaluation Counseling.〔 After Jackins' death in 1999, his son, Tim Jackins, was chosen at a conference, attended by leaders in the RC communities world-wide, to take over the role of International Liberation Reference Person, the title given to the leader(s) of RC. 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Re-evaluation Counseling」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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